Frequency of Self-Medication and Knowledge about Out-of-Counter Drugs during the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Group of Iranian Dental Students

Abstract Objective: To study the frequency of self-medication and knowledge about out-of-counter drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic in a group of Iranian dental students. Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among dental undergraduates from September 2021 to November 2021 after receiving ethical clearance from the Kerman Medical University Ethical Committee. A valid and reliable questionnaire, consisting of demographic data and questions about self-medication and knowledge about out-of-counter drugs, was sent to participants via E-mail. Data was analyzed by SPSS 26 software by using a t-test. The P-value was considered at a 0.05% significant level. Results: A total of 88 students participated in the study with a mean age of 21.39±3.71 years. Prevalence of self-medication was found in 53.4%. The most common cause for self-medication was headache. Acetaminophen was the most commonly used medicine for self-medication. Females had more self-medication than males, but there was no significant differences. There was no significant differences between entering year to university and self-medication. Younger students had significantly more self-medication (p=0.007). Knowledge about out-of-counter drugs was moderate. Conclusion: Moderate self-medication as noticed. The out-of-counter drugs were the most used. Although out-of-counter drugs seem relatively safe, their improper use can cause serious side effects. Dental students need to be educated regarding appropriate safe medication and out-of-counter drugs.

Factors Affecting Clinical Performance among Pakistani Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Objective: To identify the factors affecting clinical performance among dental students and to help addressing these problems. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study in which students of third and final year of dentistry participated. Data was collected from June 2022 till September 2022. Data was collected from the third and final year dental students of both public and private dental colleges within the Pakistan using a purposive sampling technique. Results: A total of 372 dental students participated in this study. Thirty eight (31.9%) students belonged to third year while 81 (68.1%) were final year students from government college. For the private dental college, 121 (47.8%) were third year students while 132 (52.2%) were final year students. Majority of the participants were males from both the colleges. 42.9% of government dental students and 26.5% of private dental students agreed on well-preparedness of clinical instructors. 5.5% from private and 21.0% from government dental colleges agreed that adequate personal protective equipment were present in clinical departments. Conclusion: From this study, it is concluded that there should be focus more focus on the factors to enhance clinical skills, supervision of students in clinical practice to help addressing the problems faced during learning and performance in a clinical environment, to produce self-confident, motivated, knowledgeable, skillful and a professional dental graduates.

Burnout among Dental Students of Private and Public Dental Colleges in Pakistan - A Cross-Sectional Study

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the prevalence of burnout among dental students of public and private institutions in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab, Pakistan. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted at five public and private dental institutions from June 2021 to May 2022. A validated twelve-item closed-ended Burnout Clinical Subtype Questionnaire was distributed among the dental students of two private and two public institutes in Pakistan. The research questions focused on demographic information and students' academic experiences. Data analysis is presented through tables and descriptive methods. Results: A total of 274 dental undergraduate students - second (42.3%), third (35.4%), and final (22.3%) academic year participated in this study. The mean age of the respondents was 21.9, with the range of 20-26 years. Most participants were females (74.1%) compared to the males (25.9%). The findings for burnout syndrome among dentistry students and students in the private and public sectors were not significant. Conclusion: In the current study, burnout levels among dental undergraduates, both private and public, were low.

Dentistry Students' Knowledge of Pediatric Patients Who Suffered Violence: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT Objective: To review the literature unprecedentedly to identify the dentistry students' knowledge of pediatric patients who suffered violence. Material and Methods: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, SciELO, Google Scholar, and OpenGrey electronic databases up to November 2021. The "Grey Literature" was verified through Google Scholar and Open Grey searches to avoid any selection bias. There was no restriction on the date of publication or language. Results: The systematic search yielded 2.756 studies in the first selection phase, but only twenty-two articles were included. All selected articles were published between 1998 and 2021 and used a questionnaire to evaluate the dentistry students' knowledge regarding child maltreatment cases. Brazil was the country that had the most studies included (10 articles). Despite the majority of the students presenting insufficient knowledge about child maltreatment, evidence from this research showed that every form of approach by professionals toward child maltreatment should be considered important. Conclusion: Therefore, there are deficiencies regarding the teaching-learning methodology, reinforcing the need for improvements in Dentistry undergraduate curricula.

Burnout syndrome in peruvian dental students: a prevalence study

Aim: Burnout syndrome describes the state of long-term physical, emotional and mental exhaustion related to work. This syndrome can cause health problems related to stress, insomnia, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal diseases, including an increase in alcohol consumption and drug use. It is important to recognize the presence of the initial signs of this syndrome, therefore this study aimed to determine the prevalence of the burnout syndrome in peruvian dental students. Methods: The study was observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive. It was carried out from September to November 2018, and it included a total of 154 dental students of four universities of La Libertad region, surveyed by census method. Three were private universities and one was public. Burnout was evaluated through the Maslach Burnout Student Survey Questionnaire (MBI-SS). The results were presented in absolute and percentage frequencies, as well as confidence intervals, using double-entry tables. Results: It was found that 24.68% of the students (24.71% in male students and 24.64% in female students) presented burnout syndrome. The public university of Trujillo presented the highest percentage of affected students (47.37%). A prevalence of 53,90% of emotional exhaustion was also found among the students under evaluation. Conclusions: Almost a quarter of the students surveyed presented burnout. It was also observed that the public University of Trujillo had a higher percentage of burnout than the three private ones. The percentage of prevalence of the burnout syndrome according to sex was similar. However according to dimensions, emotional exhaustion presented the highest percentage

Impact of COVID-19 on theoretical knowledge and clinical practice in dentistry of Piracicaba Dental School students: a cross-sectional study

Aim: To assess the opinion of the students on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on theoretical knowledge and clinical practice in dentistry at the Piracicaba Dental School ­ FOP/UNICAMP. Methods: A questionnaire was applied using the Google Forms platform, containing 20 questions related to the impacts of the pandemic on knowledge, mental health, and clinical and laboratory practice of dentistry. The satisfaction of the students with teaching was also evaluated. A total of 120 questionnaires were analyzed using R software, through tables and graphs of absolute and relative frequencies distribution. Results: COVID-19 affected the lives of 99% students who participated in the study. Due to distance learning resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, 50% of the students considered locking or dropping out of college. Operative dentistry was the curricular component most affected by distance and lack of clinical practice. Although most students agreed that the workload of practical disciplines was or would be replaced, 95% felt some kind of deficit in clinical and laboratory practice even with the replacement of the workload. In addition, 93.3% of the students were afraid of not becoming a qualified professional due to the deficiencies on theoretical knowledge and clinical practice caused by the pandemic. Conclusions: Students showed dissatisfaction with the deficiency of clinical and laboratory practice resulting from the pandemic in operative dentistry curricular component. They reported fear and insecurity with their future professional lives. The indication of remote classes for dentistry should only be carried out in emergencies because this is an essentially practical course that suffers losses in learning

Terminal efficiency, Lag and dropout in cohorts from 2007 to 2014 of dental students at the University of Costa Rica / Eficiencia terminal, rezago y abandono en las cohortes del 2007 al 2014 de estudiantes de Odontología de la Universidad de Costa Rica

Abstract Determine the terminal efficiency, lag and dropout in the cohorts of students who entered the dentistry career at the Faculty of Dentistry at University of Costa Rica in the lapse 2007 to 2014. Data from 736 files were collected. The variables considered were sex, admission age, nationality, marital status, children, admission note, domicile and high school. The data was collected from the Student Application System, the physical files, and the data base from the Supreme Court of Elections of Costa Rica. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate analysis were made, which were implemented from two logistic regression models. 98% of the students were Costa Rican, 68% women, 79% entered according to the admission note, 43% entered with an age of 18 years or less, 50% came from a public school, 77% resided in the Greater Metropolitan Area and 95% were single and remained without children. The average terminal efficiency was 6%; 46% of students have graduated with lag, 16% are still enrolled and 32% dropped out. Sex, age, admission note, and motherhood are sociodemographic variables that are associated with terminal efficiency and dropout. The average terminal efficiency in the cohorts from 2007 to 2014 in the courses at the Faculty of Dentistry University of Costa Rica was very low, almost half of the students graduated with lag and about a third dropped out the studies. The grade from the admission note seems to be a predictor of students'academic behavior, higher grade had more chances of graduating and less likely to dropout.

Resumen Determinar la eficiencia terminal, el rezago y el abandono en las cohortes de los estudiantes que ingresaron a la carrera de Odontología de la Facultad de Odontología UCR en el período 2007 al 2014. Se recopilaron los datos de 736 expedientes. Las variables consideradas fueron: sexo, edad de ingreso, nacionalidad, estado civil, hijos, lugar y colegio de procedencia, y nota de examen de admisión. Los datos se recopilaron del Sistema de Aplicaciones Estudiantiles, los expedientes físicos y del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones de Costa Rica. Se realizó estadística descriptiva, análisis bivariado y multivariado que se implementó a partir de dos modelos de regresión logística. El 98% de los estudiantes fueron costarricenses, el 68% mujeres, el 79% ingresó según la nota de admisión, el 43% ingresó con una edad de 18 años o menos, el 50% provenía de un colegio público, el 77% residía en la gran área Metropolitana y el 95% eran solteros y permanecieron sin hijos. La eficiencia terminal en promedio fue de 6%; el 46% de los estudiantes se han graduado con rezago, el 16% continúan matriculados y el 32% hizo abandono de los estudios. El sexo, la edad, la nota del examen de admisión y la maternidad son variables sociodemográficas que se asocian con la eficiencia terminal y el abandono. El promedio de la eficiencia terminal en las cohortes del 2007 al 2014 en la carrera de Odontología de la Facultad de Odontología UCR fue muy bajo, casi la mitad de los estudiantes se han graduado con rezago y cerca de un tercio hizo abandono de los estudios. La nota del examen de admisión parece ser un predictor en el comportamiento académico de los estudiantes: a mayor nota más posibilidades de graduarse y menos de abandonar la carrera.

Percepção e conduta de acadêmicos de odontologia frente aos casos de violência contra a mulher / Perception and conduct of academics of Dentistry in front of cases of violence against women / Percepción y conducta de académicos de Odontología frente a casos de violenciacontra la mujer

A violência contra a mulher é um fenômeno social complexo que traz danos reais à saúde das vítimas, incluindo o trauma facial, cuja abordagem deveser feita porcirurgiões-dentistas devidamente capacitados para atuar neste cenário. Objetivo:Analisar a conduta e percepção dos acadêmicos do terceiro ao quinto ano do curso de Odontologia de uma Faculdade privada do Recife-PE frente aos casos de violência contra a mulher. Metodologia:Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo e exploratório, sem intenção de generalizar os resultados para outros universos, realizado com estudantes do terceiro ao quinto ano cuja coleta de dados ocorreu entre setembro e outubro de2020, através de um questionário eletrônico encaminhado através dos grupos de Whatsapp.Resultados:Boa parte dos estudantes já presenciou algum caso de violência contra mulher (44,1%). Para eles, as causas da violência são impunidade (61,0%), dependênciaquímica e alcóolica (55,9%) e problemas psiquiátricos (54,2%), como também machismo (11,9%). A maioria (96,6%) afirmou que mulheres são mais acometidas e 72,9% consideram que cabeça e pescoço são as regiões maisafetadas. A maioria (61,0%) afirmater recebido orientação sobre como agir por algum meio de comunicação (45,8%) e 10,2% receberam orientação na graduação. Alguns alunos (3,4%) afirmaram já ter identificado casos de violência contra a mulher na clínica da faculdade. Entretanto, 44,1% afirmaram não saber do que se trata uma notificação compulsória. Conclusões:Os estudantes de Odontologia reconhecem as mulheres como as principais vítimas da violência, consideram que a cabeça e o pescoço são as regiões mais afetadas, sendo necessários os registros documentais das lesões examinadas e do atendimento efetuado para que laudos e prontuários possam ser utilizados como prova (AU).

Violence against women is a complex social phenomenon that brings real damage to the health of victims, including facial trauma, which must be addressed by dentists who are duly trained to act in this scenario. Objective:To analyze the conduct and perception of students from the third to fifth year of the Dentistry course at a private college in Recife-PE regarding cases of violence against women. Methodology:This was just a descriptive and exploratory study, with no intention of generalizing the results to other universes, carried out with students from the third to the fifth year whose data collection took place between September and October 2020, through an electronic questionnaire sent through the groups from Whatsapp. Results:For them, the causes of violence are impunity (61.0%), chemical and alcoholic dependence (55.9%) and psychiatric problems (54.2%), as well as machismo (11.9%). The majority (96.6%) stated that women are more affected and 72.9% consider that the head and neck are the most affected regions. Most (61.0%) claim to have received guidance on how to act through some means of communication (45.8%) and 10.2% received guidance during graduation. Some students (3.4%) stated that they had already identified cases of violence against women at the university clinic. However, 44.1% said they did not know what a compulsory notification was about. Conclusions:Dentistry students recognize women as the main victims of violence, considering that the head and neck are the most affected regions, requiring documentary records of the injuries examined and the care provided so that reports and medical records can be used as evidence (AU).

Importância das Jornadas Acadêmicas na formação profissional: Percepção dos estudantes Itaúna ­ MG, 2022 / Importance of Academic Journeys in professional training: Perception of students Itaúna ­ MG, 2022

A realização da jornada acadêmica contribui para a formação dos estudantes, já que são encontros anuais promovidos pelos alunos universitários com o objetivo de trazer temas emergentes, com intuito de promover a formação integral desses futuros profissionais. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a opinião dos alunos do curso de Odontologia acerca da 43° Jornada Acadêmica da Universidade de Itaúna. O evento foi desenvolvido na Universidade de Itaúna-MG. A Metodologia da pesquisa foi realizada por meio de questionários distribuídos no último dia do evento, o que propiciou a coleta de dados dos participantes, os quais manifestaram seus pontos de vista em relação à jornada acadêmica. Os dados foram tabulados em uma planilha do Excel e analisados utilizando-se as ferramentas estatísticas do software SPSS- Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, for Windows® versão 20.0. Foram geradas tabelas de frequência e análise descritiva das variáveis. Resultados mostraram que dos 231 participantes, 162 (70,1%) afirmaram que a programação da Jornada Acadêmica Odontológica atende a todos os períodos da graduação; 177 (76,6%) achou os temas abordados interessantes; 176 (76,2%) preferirem que palestras e cursos deveriam acontecer de forma simultânea; 194 (84%) acharam relevante a apresentação de banner durante o evento; 93 (40,3%) responderam que os três dias de Jornada Acadêmica são suficientes, não sendo necessário o acréscimo de dias e 132 (57,1%) que avaliaram como ótimo o evento. Concluiu-se que essa Jornada é importante para trazer novas experiências aos profissionais e atualizações do mercado de trabalho, ampliando conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes dentro da instituição.

The holding of the academic day contributes to the training of students, as they are annual meetings promoted by university students with the aim of bringing up emerging themes, with the aim of promoting the integral training of these future professionals. The objective of this study is to evaluate the opinion of students of the Dentistry course about the 43rd Academic Journey of the University of Itaúna. The event was held at the University of Itaúna-MG. The research methodology was carried out through questionnaires distributed on the last day of the event, which allowed the collection of data from the participants, who expressed their points of view in relation to the academic journey. Data were tabulated in an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using the statistical tools of the SPSS- Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software, for Windows® version 20.0. Frequency tables and descriptive analysis of the variables were generated. Results showed that of the 231 participants, 162 (70.1%) stated that the Academic Dental Journey schedule covers all graduation periods; 177 (76.6%) found the topics covered interesting; 176 (76.2%) preferred that lectures and courses should take place simultaneously; 194 (84%) thought the banner display during the event was relevant; 93 (40.3%) answered that the three days of the Academic Day are enough, not being necessary to add more days and 132 (57.1%) who evaluated the event as excellent. It was concluded that this Journey is important to bring new experiences to professionals and updates in the labor market, expanding knowledge, skills and attitudes within the institution.

Conhecimento de acadêmicos de Odontologia acerca da avulsão dentária / Knowledge of dental students about tooth avulsion

Objetivo: verificar o conhecimento de acadêmicos de Odontologia de uma instituição de ensino superior da Paraíba acerca da avulsão dentária. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo transversal, no qual 64 acadêmicos responderam um formulário com perguntas objetivas relativas a dados sociodemográficos, período de formação do curso e conhecimento e condutas em casos de avulsão dentária. Foi realizada análise descritiva de frequência absoluta e relativa dos dados (SPSS, v. 20.0). Resultados: a maioria dos acadêmicos recebeu informações sobre avulsão dentária em aulas ministradas no curso (86%) e indicaria a irrigação com soro fisiológico seguida de reimplante quando da ocorrência do trauma há menos de uma hora (64,1%) e há mais de uma hora (43,8%). O tratamento endodôntico foi indicado, independentemente do tempo do dente fora do alvéolo, por 34,4% da amostra. A contenção rígida foi a mais indicada para o dente reimplantado (48,4%) e seu tempo mínimo de proservação radiográfica respondido pela maioria dos pesquisados foi de 6 meses (48,4%). Conclusões: apesar de a maioria dos acadêmicos ter recebido informações acerca da temática, o conhecimento foi considerado insuficiente em relação a condutas referentes ao reimplante dentário, indicação do tratamento endodôntico, tipo de contenção e tempo de proservação.

Objective: to verify the knowledge of dental students from a Higher Education Institution of Paraíba about dental avulsion. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out, in which 64 students answered a form with objective questions regarding sociodemographic data, course period, knowledge and conduct in cases of tooth avulsion. Descriptive analysis of absolute and relative frequency of data was performed (SPSS, v. 20.0). Results: most students received information about dental avulsion during the graduation classes (86%) and would indicate irrigation with saline solution followed by reimplantation when the trauma occurred less than one hour (64.1%) and more than one hour (43.8%). Endodontic treatment was indicated, regardless of the time the tooth was out of the dental socket, according 34.4% of the sample. Rigid retention was the most indicated for the reimplanted tooth (48.4%) and six months was the minimum radiographic follow-up time answered by most students (48.4%). Conclusions: although most students have received information about the topic, the knowledge was considered insufficient in relation to some aspects of the protocols recommended for emergency care for dental avulsion, with emphasis on behaviors related to dental reimplantation, indication of endodontic treatment, type of containment and follow-up.

Gerenciamento de urgências endodônticas: conhecimentos de acadêmicos de odontologia / Management of endodontic emergencies: knowledge of dental students

Objetivo: avaliar do conhecimento dos alunos de odontologia sobre os protocolos de atendimento para as urgências endodônticas. Método: 182 alunos dos últimos anos do curso de Odontologia do Centro Universitário Doutor Leão Sampaio, responderam a um questionário contendo perguntas referente ao protocolo adotado em casos de urgência de origem endodôntica. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste de Qui-quadrado de Pearson (p<0,05). Resultados: foram observadas diferenças entre a conduta relata pelos alunos do quarto e quinto ano de graduação quanto a indicação da incisão para drenagem em abscesso periapical agudo submucoso (evoluído), indicação de antibióticos nos casos de flare-up e indicação de antibióticos na dor com edema póstratamento endodôntico. A prescrição de antibióticos foi excessiva para os casos de dor entre consultas (flareup) e dor no pós-operatória. Para as patologias da polpa, a maioria dos alunos indicou protocolos de urgência recomendados na literatura. Conclusão: os resultados indicam a necessidade de melhoria dos programas de treinamento dos alunos em urgências endodônticas, principalmente quanto aos protocolos farmacológicos. (AU)

Objective: to evaluate the knowledge of dentistry students about care protocols for endodontic emergencies. Method: 182 students from the last years of the Dentistry course at Doctor Leão Sampaio University Center answered a questionnaire containing questions regarding the protocol adopted in urgent cases of endodontic origin. Data were analyzed using Pearson's Chi-square test (p<0.05). Results: differences were observed between the conduct reported by fourth- and fifth-year undergraduate students regarding the indication of incision for drainage in submucosal acute periapical abscess (evolved), indication of antibiotics in cases of flare-up and indication of antibiotics in pain with edema after endodontic treatment. The prescription of antibiotics was excessive for cases of pain between appointments (flare-up) and postoperative pain. For pulp pathologies, most students indicated emergency protocols recommended in the literature. Conclusion: the results indicate the need to improve student training programs in endodontic emergencies, especially regarding pharmacological protocols. (AU)

Condutas não profissionais no uso das mídias sociais por estudantes da área da saúde: revisão integrativa da literatura / Unprofessional conduct in the use of social media by medical, nursing and dental students: integrative literature review / Conducta no profesional en el uso de las redes sociales por estudiantes del área de la salud: revisión integrativa de la literatura

O objetivo deste artigo é revelar o comportamento nas mídias sociais de estudantes de cursos de graduação na área da saúde do ponto de vista da ética profissional. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura com base na pergunta norteadora: "Há condutas não profissionais na produção de conteúdo nas mídias sociais por estudantes da área da saúde?". Foram encontrados 495 estudos nas bases de dados pesquisadas. Destes, dez atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Os estudos incluídos haviam sido feitos com estudantes dos cursos de enfermagem, medicina e odontologia. Todos demonstraram sua má conduta nas mídias sociais em algum momento. Há mais relatos de visualizações de condutas antiprofissionais nos perfis de outros colegas do que autorrelatos quanto a esse aspecto. Conclui-se que é evidente a má conduta, nas mídias sociais, de estudantes de enfermagem, medicina e odontologia

This article aims to reveal the behavior of medical, nursing and dental students from the point of view of professional ethics on social media. An integrative review was carried out based on the research question: "Are there unprofessional behaviors in the production of content on social media by medical, nursing and dental students?". A total of 495 studies, of which ten have satisfied the inclusion criteria, were found in the searched databases. The included studies had been carried out with students from universities for nursing, medical and dentistry education. Everyone has demonstrated misconduct on social media at a moment or other. There are more assertions that they see unprofessional behaviors in the profiles of other colleagues than self-assertions regarding this aspect. We can conclude that the misconduct of medical, nursing and dental students on social networks is evident

El objetivo de este artículo es revelar el comportamiento, en las redes sociales, de los estudiantes de cursos del área de la salud del punto de vista de la ética profesional. Se realizó una revisión integrativa a partir de la pregunta de investigación: "¿Existen comportamientos no profesionales en la producción de contenidos en redes sociales por parte de estudiantes del área de la salud?". Se encontraron 495 estudios, de los cuales diez han cumplido los criterios de inclusión, en las bases de datos investigadas. Los estudios habían sido realizados con estudiantes de los cursos de enfermería, medicina y odontología. Todos ellos han demostrado mala conducta en las redes sociales en algún momento. Hay más afirmaciones acerca de visualizaciones de comportamientos no profesionales en los perfiles de otros compañeros que autoaserciones sobre este aspecto. Es posible concluir que la mala conducta de estudiantes de enfermería, medicina y odontologíaen las redes sociales es evidente

Índice de Dieta Mediterránea y pH Salival en Mujeres Adultas. Estudio Observacional / Mediterranean Diet Index and Salivary pH in Adult Women. Observational Study

El ser humano en el transcurso de la evolución ha cambiado la percepción de la alimentación dejando de lado el consumo de carne y sus derivados por factores éticos y morales, donde se sabe la dieta tiene gran relevancia en la salud general, siendo un factor de riesgo para la aparición de diversas enfermedades motivo por cual la saliva se ha utilizado como instrumento de diagnóstico Describir y comparar el índice de Dieta mediterránea según pH salival en mujeres estudiantes de Odontología de entre 20 a 30 años. Estudio descriptivo transversal comparativo. Participaron 17 mujeres adultas seleccionadas por criterio no probabilístico en la carrera de Odontología, quienes fueron evaluadas en su índice de Dieta mediterránea y pH salival. Se aplicó la prueba T de Student para muestras independientes y U Mann-Whitney para comparar características entre grupos en función del pH salival. Existen diferencias significativas entre grupos para la frecuencia de consumo de cereales integrales (p = 0,026), carnes magras (p = 0,021) y pH salival (p < 0,001). Existe un predominio hacia la baja adherencia a una dieta mediterránea, existiendo diferencias significativas en la frecuencia de consumo de cereales integrales y carnes magras, siendo el consumo de estos un indicador del riesgo de la cavidad oral determinado por pH.

The human being in the course of evolution has changed the perception of food, leaving aside the consumption of meat and its derivatives due to ethical and moral factors, where it is known that diet has great relevance in general health, being a factor of risk for the appearance of various diseases, which is why saliva has been used as a diagnostic tool. To describe and compare the Mediterranean Diet index according to salivary pH in female dentistry students between 20 and 30 years old. Comparative cross-sectional descriptive study. Seventeen adult women selected by non-probabilistic criteria participated in the Dentistry career, who were evaluated in their Mediterranean Diet index and salivary pH. Student's T test for independent samples and Mann-Whitney U test were applied to compare characteristics between groups based on salivary pH. There are significant differences between groups for the frequency of consumption of whole grains (p = 0.026), lean meats (p = 0.021) and salivary pH (p < 0.001). There is a predominance towards low adherence to a Mediterranean diet, with significant differences in the frequency of consumption of whole grains and lean meats, the consumption of these being an indicator of oral risk determined by pH.

Percepción de la Virtualización de la Asignatura de Anatomía Humana Normal y Embriología en Pandemia / Perception of the Virtualization of the Subject of Normal Human Anatomy and Embriology in a Pandemic

Debido a la pandemia y las restricciones en cuanto a la presencialidad, diferentes metodologías de aprendizaje debieron ser exploradas e implementadas para virtualizar los contenidos en la asignatura de Anatomía. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la percepción de los docentes y alumnos con respecto a las metodologías utilizadas en la virtualización de dicha asignatura. Estudio observacional- descriptivo, con enfoque cuantitativo. La población de estudio correspondió a una muestra por conveniencia constituida por 57 alumnos y 4 docentes pertenecientes a la asignatura de Anatomía Humana Normal y Embriología de la carrera de Odontología, Universidad Andrés Bello, sede Viña del Mar, dictada el año 2021. Dichos participantes contestaron un cuestionario validado que contemplaba preguntas cerradas con escala de Likert de 5 niveles, considerando las dimensiones de aprendizaje, motivación y rendimiento, y preguntas de calificación para conocer la percepción sobre las estrategias y recursos utilizados. Los alumnos perciben positivamente todos los recursos digitales, destacando el Manual de Anatomía Humana Normal, siendo el aprendizaje, la dimensión mejor evaluada. La estrategia activa mejor percibida en cuanto a las 3 dimensiones corresponde a método de casos. Por el contrario, las clases invertidas fueron percibidas negativamente en todas las dimensiones. En relación a los docentes, el recurso digital mejor percibido fue videos y cápsulas, destacando la dimensión motivación. Las estrategias activas mejor evaluadas fueron método de casos y clases invertidas. Pese a haber una percepción positiva con respecto a la virtualización, no hay concordancia entre las estrategias activas y recursos digitales mejor evaluados entre docentes y alumnos.

SUMMARY: As a result of the pandemic and the restrictions regarding in person attendance, different learning methodologies had to be explored and implemented to virtualize the contents in the Anatomy subject. The objective of this study was to evaluate the perception of teachers and students regarding the methodologies used in the virtualization of this subject. An observational-descriptive study with a quantitative approach was carried out. The study population was a convenience sample made up of 57 students and 4 teachers of the Normal Human Anatomy and Embryology subject of the Dentistry degree, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar campus during 2021. These participants answered a validated questionnaire that included closed questions with a 5-level Likert scale, considering learning dimensions, motivation and performance, and qualifying questions to find out the perception of the strategies and resources used. Students positively perceive all digital resources, highlighting the Normal Human Anatomy Manual, with learning being the best evaluated dimension. The best perceived active strategy in terms of the 3 dimensions corresponds to the case method. In contrast, the inverted classes were perceived negatively in all dimensions. In relation to teachers, the best perceived digital resource was videos and capsules, highlighting the motivation dimension. The best evaluated active strategies were the case method and inverted classes. Despite having a positive perception regarding virtualization, there is no agreement between the best evaluated active strategies and digital resources among teachers and students.

Sistema de cotas e desempenho acadêmico: estudo seccional em uma universidade pública brasileira / Quota system and academic performance: sectional study in a brazilian public university / Sistema de cuotas y rendimiento académico: estudio seccional en una universidad pública brasileña

Introdução: A lei de cotas (nº 12.711/2012) foi criada com o intuito de oportunizar o acesso de alunos oriundos de escolas públicas ao ensino superior. Desde então, medidas adicionais foram tomadas para garantir, não só o acesso, mas a permanência destes alunos nas universidades. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho acadêmico dealunos cotistas e não cotistas da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Pará. Metodologia: Foram coletados dados de alunos matriculados nos anos de 2020 e2021 por meio de um questionário on-line e realizada a análise de histórico acadêmico dos voluntários. A análise dos dados foi realizada com software Jamovi versão 1.6.23, utilizando os testesQui-quadrado, t de Student para amostras independentes e análise de regressão linear multivariada. Em todas as análises foi adotado o nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: Com uma taxa de resposta de 39,92% (n=200), os resultados demonstraram haver um melhor desempenho acadêmico para o grupo não-cotista no que se refere ao Coeficiente de Rendimento Geral (p=0,001). Além disso, alunos do grupo cotista enfrentam mais dificuldades quando comparados aos não-cotistas (p<0,0001). Na análise múltipla verificou-se que juntas, forma de ingresso (cotista ou não), o enfrentamento de dificuldades, recebimento de auxílios e atividades fora da Faculdade explicam quase 10% da variável Coeficiente de Rendimento Geral (R² = 0,098). Conclusões: A complexidade da comparação sugere a possibilidade de múltiplas causas, entre elas o fator socioeconômico e outras dificuldades experienciadas. Entender e atuar nestas causas é de fundamental importância para a construção de uma universidade inclusiva de qualidade (AU).

Introduction:The quota law (nº 12.711/2012) was created with the objective of providing opportunities for students from public schools to enter federal universities. Since then, additional measures have been taken to ensure not only the access, but the permanence of these students in universities. Objectives:This study aimed to assess the academic performance of quota students and non-quota students at the Faculty of Dentistry of the Federal University of Pará. Methods:Data were collected from students enrolled in the years 2020 and 2021 through an online questionnaire and the academic history of the volunteers was analyzed. Data analysis was performed with Jamovi software version 1.6.23, using the chi-square test, Student's t test for independent samples, and multivariate linear regression analysis. In all analyses, a significance level of 0.05 was adopted. Results:With a response rate of 39.92% (n=200), the results showed a better academic performance for the non-quotastudents with regard to the General PerformanceCoefficient (p=0.001). In addition, quota students face more difficulties when compared to non-quota students (p<0.0001). In the multiple analysis, it was found that the admission modality (quota students or non-quota students), facing difficulties, receiving aid, and activities outside the University explained together almost 10% of the General Performance Coefficient variable (R² = 0.098). Conclusion:The complexity of the comparison suggests the possibility of multiple causes, including the socioeconomic factor and other difficulties experienced. Understanding and acting on these causes is of fundamental importance for the construction of a quality inclusive university (AU).

Introducción: La ley de cuotas (nº 12.711/2012) fue creada con el objetivo de brindar a estudiantes de colegios públicosla oportunidad de ingresar a una universidad federal. Desde entonces, se han tomado medidas adicionales para asegurar, no solo el acceso, sino también la permanencia de estos estudiantes en las universidades. Objetivos:Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el rendimiento académico de los alumnos con cuota y los sin cuota de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Federal de Pará. Métodos:Se recolectaron datos de estudiantes matriculados en los años 2020 y 2021 a través de un cuestionario en línea y se realizó el análisis del historial académico de los voluntarios. El análisis de datos se realizó con el software Jamovi versión 1.6.23, utilizando la prueba de qui-cuadrado, prueba t de Student para muestras independientes y análisis de regresión lineal multivariado. En todos los análisis se adoptó un nivel de significación de 0.05. Resultados:Con una tasa de respuesta del 39.92% (n=200), los resultados mostraron un mejor rendimiento académico de los alumnos sin cuotacon respecto al Coeficiente de Rendimiento General (p=0.001). Además, los estudiantes con cuota enfrentan más dificultades cuando comparados a los estudiantes sin cuota (p<0.0001). En el análisis múltiple, se encontró que,en conjunto, la forma de ingreso (alumnos con cuota o sin cuota), enfrentar las dificultades, recibir ayudas y actividades fuera de la Facultad explican casi el 10% de la variable Coeficiente de Rendimiento General(R² = 0,098). Conclusión:La complejidad de la comparación sugiere la posibilidad de múltiples causas, incluido el factor socioeconómico y otras dificultades experimentadas. Comprender y actuar sobre estas causas es de fundamental importancia para la construcción de una universidad inclusiva de calidad (AU).

Characteristics of the bachelor thesis in dentistry, satisfaction and motivations of the students / Características de las tesis de licenciatura en odontología, satisfacción y motivaciones de los tesistas

Objective: To describe the characteristics of under-graduate theses, satisfaction and reasons for choosing a topic of study. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study that included two populations, theses and thesis students who were able to support their work from 2015 to 2021 in the Faculty of Dentistry of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (Lima, Peru). Documentary analysis was used at first to record bibliometric data. The survey was used in a second stage to collect information related to the reasons why the thesis students chose their topic and the degree of satisfaction. Results: A total of 269 theses were examined. The theses corresponded to more women (n=142; 52.8%). All had a quantitative approach. The cross-sectional/descriptive design was the most frequent (n=207; 77%). Of the 114 respondents, the majority of them indicated that their thesis topic decision was influenced by a faculty member outside of their advisor (n= 26; 22.8%). A total of 49.1% of thesis students were in complete agreement about what they had learned about research at the end of their thesis. Conclusions: The undergraduate theses evidenced to be developed mainly by women, most of the thesis students were satisfied with the elaboration and execution of their academic work; it was evidenced that the thesis topics are mainly influenced by a teacher different from the thesis advisor, this indicates that the advisors should be more conscious when guiding the student and influencing the thematic, methodological and writing decisions together with the advised.

Objetivo: Describir las características de las tesis de licenciatura, satisfacción y motivos para la elección de un tema de estudio. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio transversal que incluyó a dos poblaciones, las tesis y a los tesistas que lograron sustentar sus trabajos desde el año 2015 al 2021 en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (Lima, Perú). Se utilizó el análisis documental en un primer momento para registrar datos bibliométricos. La encuesta se utilizó en un segundo momento para recabar información relacionada a los motivos por los cuales escogieron su tema los tesistas y el grado de satisfacción. Resultados: Se examinaron 269 tesis. La mayoría de ellas fueron realizadas por mujeres (n=142; 52,8%). Todas tuvieron un enfoque cuantitativo. El diseño transversal/descriptivo fue el más frecuente (n=207; 77%). De los 114 encuestados, la mayoría de ellos indicó que la decisión de su tema de tesis fue influida por un docente ajeno a su asesor (n= 26; 22,8%). El 49,1% de tesistas estuvo totalmente de acuerdo respecto a lo aprendido sobre investigación al culminar su tesis. Conclusión: Las tesis de licenciatura evidenciaron ser desarrolladas principalmente por mujeres, la mayoría estuvo satisfecho con la elaboración y ejecución de su trabajo académico; se evidenció que los temas de tesis son influenciados principalmente por un docente diferente al asesor de tesis, esto indica que los asesores deben ser más conscientes al momento de guiar al estudiante e influir en las decisiones temáticas, metodológicas y de redacción junto con el asesorado

Nivel de conocimiento de los estudiantes del tercer curso en Odontología de la UNAN-León, sobre trastornos de presión arterial y manejo odontológico / Level of knowledge third year dentistry students UNAN-León about blood pressure disorders and dental management

Las patologías cardiovasculares constituyen la causa más frecuente de muerte en el mundo, las más comunes son hipertensión e hipotensión. En la consulta odontológica, los pacientes con trastornos de presión arterial requieren diferentes protocolos de atención. En el tercer curso de odontología se tiene el primer contacto con pacientes, al haber estudiado y aprobado la parte teórica del manejo odontológico. Según los antecedentes encontrados, no existen investigaciones que abarquen ambos trastornos de la presión arterial, por lo que se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal para determinar el nivel de conocimiento en estudiantes del tercer curso Odontología UNAN-León, sobre trastornos de la presión arterial y su manejo odontológico en el segundo semestre del año 2021, por una encuesta tipo examen a estudiantes inscritos en cirugía bucal I, 55 estudiantes fueron encuestados. Se determinó que 50.9% tienen un nivel de conocimiento regular, seguido por 27.3% con nivel bueno, 12.7% deficiente y 9.1% obtuvo nivel de conocimiento excelente sobre los trastornos de presión arterial. Según investigaciones previas en odontología, la mayoría de los estudiantes presentaba un nivel de conocimiento deficiente sobre hipertensión arterial. Por lo que es importante evaluar periódicamente los niveles de conocimiento sobre éstos y otros trastornos que pueden presentarse en la consulta dental (AU)

Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death world, hypertension and hypotension are very common nowadays. In the dental office, patients with blood pressure disorders require different care protocols. Students of the third year of dentistry have their first contact with patients, having studied and approved the theoretical part of dental management. According to antecedents researched, there are no investigations that cover both blood pressure disorders. So a descriptive cross-sectional study was made to determine the knowledge of third-year dentistry students UNAN-León, about blood pressure disorders and their dental management in the second semester of the year 2021, by an exam-type survey of students registered in oral surgery I, with 55 students surveyed. It determined that 50.9% have a regular level of knowledge, followed by 27.3% with a good level, 12.7% poor and 9.1% has an excellent level of knowledge about blood pressure disorders. According to previous research in dentistry faculty, the majority of students have a poor level of knowledge about high blood pressure. Therefore, it's important to evaluate periodically the levels of knowledge about these and other disorders that may occur in the dental office (AU)

Knowledge about COVID-19 and perception of health safety among mexican dental students / Conocimiento sobre COVID-19 y percepción de seguridad en la salud de estudiantes mexicanos de odontología

This study aimed: 1) to investigate sources of information used by students to learn about COVID-19, 2) to investigate levels of knowledge about COVID-19 and about conditions for the treatment of patients during the COVID-19 lockdown, and 3) to evaluate students' perceptions of safety regarding their return to in-person activities at the School of Dentistry. Dental students answered a questionnaire (29 items; n=371) that explored the aims of the study, based on a Likert scale (Cronbach's alpha, 0.778). Data were tested with the Mann-Whitney U test and Kendall's Tau-c. Dental students received information about COVID-19 from the Mexican Health Ministry as their first source (45.28%). Students had good knowledge about the main characteristics of COVID-19, and 59.3% of students had excellent knowledge about the factors relevant to dental treatment of patients. Half of the students said they felt safe regarding a possible return to in-person activities at the dental school, while the other half did not. Statistically significant differences were noted between the students' scholar year and their level of knowledge (P<0.001) and between their perception of safety (very unsafe, unsafe, safe, and very safe) and scholar year (P=0.000). Dental students had good knowledge about COVID-19 and about the dental care for patients during the lockdown. Half of the dental students felt unsafe about a possible return to in-person school activities.

Los objetivos del estudio fueron 1) investigar que fuentes de información usaron los participantes para conocer sobre la COVID-19, 2) evaluar cuál es el nivel de conocimiento que tienen sobre COVID-19 y la atención a pacientes durante la contingencia, y 3) evaluar la percepción de seguridad sobre el regreso a actividades presenciales en la facultad. Estudio transversal. Se aplicó un cuestionario en línea (29 ítems; n=371) que exploró cada objetivo e incluyó una escala de Likert (Alfa de Cronbach de 0.778). Los datos fueron analizados con las pruebas de U de Mann Whitney y con Tau-c de Kendall. La mayoría de los participantes obtuvieron información sobre la COVID-19 a través de la Secretaría de Salud (45.28%), tuvieron un conocimiento bueno sobre las generalidades de la COVID-19 y el 59.3% tuvo un conocimiento excelente sobre la atención a pacientes. La mitad de los encuestados tuvo una percepción de inseguridad en un posible regreso a actividades en la facultad. Hubo diferencia estadística significativa para la asociación entre año escolar y grado de conocimiento (p<0.001) y entre la percepción en la seguridad en el regreso a actividades (muy inseguro, inseguro, seguro y muy seguro) y el grado escolar (P=0.000). Los participantes tuvieron buen conocimiento sobre las generalidades de la COVID-19 y sobre la atención a pacientes en situación de contingencia. La mitad de los EO sienten inseguridad sobre un posible regreso a actividades.

Relación entre los niveles de autoeficacia y disposición para realizar una tesis en estudiantes peruanos de Odontología / Relationship between levels of self-efficacy and willingness to do a thesis in peruvian dental students

Introducción: Algunos estudiantes logran desarrollar la tesis con mayor facilidad que otros. De ese modo surgen motivos para el aumento de la predisposición y el rendimiento satisfactorio, así como el incremento de las competencias desarrolladas durante el pregrado. Este rendimiento se encuentra asociado a mayor motivación para las actividades de investigación y la sensación de autoeficacia para la realización de las tareas. Objetivo: Analizar la relación existente entre los niveles de autoeficacia y la disposición para realizar la tesis universitaria. Métodos: Estudio analítico transversal, que incluyó 113 estudiantes de los dos últimos años de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (Lima, Perú). Se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta con dos escalas: "autoeficacia para realizar la tesis" (dos dimensiones y 14 preguntas) y "disposición para realizar la tesis" (cuatro dimensiones y 44 preguntas). Se empleó la prueba de correlación de Pearson para analizar las puntuaciones de cada variable. Resultados: La autoeficacia obtuvo una puntuación general de 1,61 ± 0,53. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre estudiantes de quinto e internado. La disposición tuvo una puntuación general de 4,04 ± 0,34. Se encontró correlación significativa entre las variables para todos los encuestados (p 0,05). Las puntuaciones de las mujeres evidenciaron correlación, existiendo significancia entre la autoeficacia para realizar la tesis y la disposición hacerla (p < 0,01; r = 0,430). No existió tal correlación en el grupo de los varones. Conclusiones: Existe una relación entre las puntuaciones de la "autoeficacia para realizar la tesis" y la "disposición para realizar la tesis" en un grupo de estudiantes de Odontología. Esta correlación se mantiene en las mujeres y no se presenta en los varones. Los estudiantes de quinto año evidenciaron mayores puntuaciones promedio respecto a ambas variables(AU)

Introduction: Some students manage to advance their thesis projects much easily than others. Thus, reasons arise for the increase in predisposition and satisfactory performance, as well as the increase in the skills developed during the undergraduate course. This performance is associated with greater motivation for research activities and the feeling of self-efficacy to carry out tasks. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the levels of self-efficacy and the disposition to carry out the degree thesis. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried including113 students from the last two years of the School of Dentistry of Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. The survey technique was used with two scales: self-efficacy to achieve the thesis (two dimensions and 14 questions) and willingness to achieve the thesis (four dimensions and 44 questions). Pearson's correlation test was used to analyze the scores for each variable. Results: Self-efficacy obtained a general score of 1.61 ± 0.53. No significant differences were found between fifth and boarding school students. The disposition had an overall score of 4.04 ± 0.34. A significant correlation was found between the variables for all the respondents (p 0.05) was analyzed. Scores in women showed a correlation, significante between self-efficacy to achieve the thesis and willingness to do so (p < 0.01; r = 0.430). There was no such correlation in the male group. Conclusions: There is relationship between the scores of "self-efficacy to do the thesis" and the "willingness to do the thesis" in a group of dentistry students. This correlation is maintained in women and is not present in men. Fifth-year students showed higher average scores regarding both variables(AU)

Síntomas de trastornos musculoesqueléticos percibidos por estudiantes de la facultad de odontología­UNA, en el año 2021 / Symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders perceived among students of the school of dentistry ­UNA,in the year 2021

Introducción.Los trastornos musculoesqueléticos (TME) se definen como lesiones que afectan las diferentes estructuras que componen el sistema musculoesquelético. Existe una alta incidencia y prevalencia de los TME en los profesionales de la salud oral.Objetivo.Determinar la frecuencia de estudiantes del 3°, 4° y 5° año de la Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Asunción con síntomas de los trastornos musculoesqueléticos. Material y Método.El presente trabajo posee un diseño observacional descriptivo de corte transversal que incluyó a 120 estudiantes elegidos por medio de un muestreo de conveniencia. El instrumento utilizado estuvo basado en el cuestionario nórdico estandarizado de percepción de síntomas musculoesqueléticos de Kuorinka. Resultados.Se excluyeron a 31 sujetos quedando el tamaño de la muestra en 89 sujetos (70 del sexo femenino). El 88,8 % (79 estudiantes) reportó haber percibido alguna vez sintomatología compatible con TME enal menos una región anatómica. El sexo femenino se vio más afectado (92.9 %) que el sexo masculino (73.7 %) (p = 0,033). No se observó diferencia significativa de la frecuencia de síntomas de TME entre los estudiantes de diferentes cursos. Las regiones anatómicas donde más se reportaron sintomatología fueron en el cuello (73 %) y en la región lumbar (69,7 %) seguido por la muñeca y las manos (50,6 %). Conclusión. Existe una alta proporción de estudiantes que reportan síntomas compatibles con trastornos musculoesqueléticos, más común entre las mujeres. Las zonas más afectadas fueron el cuello y la región lumbar.Palabras clave:enfermedades musculoesqueléticas;dolor musculoesquelético; estudiantes de odontología;encuestas y cuestionarios

Introduction.Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are defined as injuries that affect the different structures that make up the musculoskeletal system. There is a high incidence and prevalence of MSDs among oral healthprofessionals.Objetive.To determine the frequency of students in the 3rd, 4th and 5th year of the School of Dentistry, National University of Asuncion with symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders. Material and Method. The present work has a descriptive cross-sectional observationaldesign that included 120 students chosen by means of convenience sampling. The instrument used was based on Kuorinka's standardized Nordic musculoskeletal symptom perception questionnaire. Results.Thirty-one subjects were excluded, resulting in a final sample size of 89 subjects (70 female). Seventy-nine 79 students (88,8%) reported having ever perceived symptoms compatible with MSDs in at least one anatomical region. Females were more affected (92.9%) than males (73.7%) (p = 0.033). There was no significant difference in frequency of perceived symptoms of MSDs between students in different courses. The anatomical regions where most symptoms were reported were in the neck (73%) and in the lumbar region (69.7%) followed by the wrist and hands (50.6%). Conclusion.There is a high proportion of students who report symptoms compatible with musculoskeletal disorders, more common among women. The most affected areas were the neck and lumbar region.Keywords:musculoskeletal disease; musculoskeletal pain; dental students; surveys and questionnaires